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Various Classifications of Leukemia Can Help in its Possible TreatmentBY: Ritu Choudhary | Category: Leukemia | Submitted: 2010-07-03 18:56:57
Leukemia, a disease also known as blood cancer is a malignant tumor composed of abnormal white blood cells that circulate in the bloodstream and may invade other tissues. Leukemias are the most common malignancy of white blood cells. We distinguish between acute leukemia, characterized by the presence in the blood of immature white blood cells that remain in a healthy organism, trapped in the bone marrow, chronic leukemias are characterized by the proliferation of blood cells mature. The general classification of leukemia depends on the malignant cell of origin. The myeloid leukemias are characterized by the proliferation of elements of the myeloid lineage, that is to say either of granular leukocytes or monocytes. Lymphoid leukemias are defined by an excess of lymphocytes. Acute leukemia: Acute leukemias are divided into lymphoblastic and non-lymphoblastic depending on the lymphoid origin. Acute leukemias affect particularly children and adolescents. The bone marrow develops immature cells, causing a deficit of other bloodlines and causes severe anemia. The major anomaly is a defect of maturation of a cell type, whose default mechanism is not yet known. There are, in some cases, genetic factors predisposing known as chromosomal rearrangements or genetic diseases such as Down syndrome or trisomie21. It was also able to identify environmental factors such as exposure to ionizing radiation or benzene. The viral origin of certain acute leukemias has also been demonstrated. The diagnosis is based on a cytological description states, an immunological study of tumor cells and karyotyping performed on the bone marrow. The dissemination of the acute leukemia of children requires a localized chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Chronic leukemia: They are more common in adults over forty five years than in children. The most common is chronic lymphocytic leukemia, which represents approximately 30% of cases of leukemia. The analysis shows bone marrow invasion by small mature lymphocytes. It is most often an accumulation of clonal lymphocytes type B. The disease can develop into an acute form of leukemia or lymphoma. Chronic myeloid leukemia is a myeloproliferative disorder, in which the mature myelocytes predominate in early disease. The condition becomes more often, after several years in acute form. There is a chromosomal marker of the disease, the Philadelphia chromosome, which is the product of a translocation or exchange of genetic material between the chromosome22 and chromosome9. This anomaly occurs in about 95% of cases of chronic myeloid leukemia, but it is known so far, at present, explains the role of this chromosome. The treatment of leukemia should be undertaken after a review involving specific biological and cytological research possible alterations at chromosomes or of certain genes. The chemotherapy is the treatment of acute leukemia. The attack treatment, or induction, can achieve remission. When necessary, it is followed by maintenance therapy to prevent relapse. Radiation therapy may occur in different ways, to complement the action of chemotherapy. The bone marrow transplant, whereby healthy cells injected into the patient's marrow to colonize the place of cancer cells, is effective for fifty years. It is used as a protocol varies: in case of failure of chemotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The treatment of acute leukemia resulting in an apparent recovery is approximately 50% of patients and 90% of them have periods of remission of over three years or more. It now deals with chronic myeloid leukemia the same rate of success. Frequency of chronic lymphocytic leukemia is much lesser than others. A rare form of leukemia responds fairly well to interferon. Furthermore, Chinese researchers have discovered a mitochondrial marker for predicting the occurrence of acute leukemia. Confirmation of this discovery could have important implications for screening and early treatment of this disease. Article Source: http://www.cancer-surgery.com/ About Author / Additional Info: I am not a cancer doctor. Always consult your doctor before taking any action or conclusion regarding your medical condition. Comments on this article: (0 comments so far)
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