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Rectal Cancer is a Malignant Tumor That Develops in the Digestive TractBY: Ritu Choudhary | Category: Colon and Rectal Cancer | Submitted: 2010-07-03 18:47:40
What is colon and rectum? The colon and rectum form the large intestine, that is to say the last part of the digestive tract. Food is digested in the stomach and small intestine. Here the nutrients are extracted as required for the operation of human body. Food wastes (soil waste unusable by the body) are then transmitted to the colon in liquid form. The colon absorbs water from the waste until the stool (or faces) or semi-solid is formed. The stools are then passed into the rectum before being evacuated by the anus. Location of the rectum in the abdomen The rectum is the last part of the digestive tract. It is located between the colon and anal canal. Its main function is to store faces before they are evacuated by the anus. When the rectum is full, the need to defecate is felt. The anal sphincter (the muscle located at the anus) relaxes and the stool is evacuated. The rectum is cylindrical in shape and measure between 15 and 18 cm length. Its diameter is variable, it is narrow at its junction with the sigmoid colon and then wider. It is located in front of the bony skeleton formed by the sacrum and coccyx, and behind the bladder and prostate in men, and vaginal and cervical in women. The outer surface of the rectum is bumpy and covered vessels. Its inner surface folds (two or three) called valves or valves of Houston. The wall of the rectum, such as colon, consists of four layers that overlap: The mucosa (innermost layer), The submucosa, the muscular layer (two layers of muscles), & serous layer (outer layer) which is part of the peritoneum. Rectal cancers appear most often in the mucosa. They then spread to other layers as and when they develop. What is cancer of the rectum? A rectal cancer is a malignant tumor that develops in the last part of the digestive tract. It is sometimes called colorectal cancer. Rectal cancer affects either the colon or rectum, or both. In Europe, colorectal cancers account for 15% of all cancers, both in men and women. These are the most frequent after lung cancer in men and breast cancer in women. Currently, 38,000 new colorectal cancers are diagnosed each year in different parts of European countries. Nearly half of them are cancer of the rectum. The inner wall of the rectum is lined with glands. It is a glandular mucosa. In most cases, it is from these glands that develop cancers of the rectum. This is known as glandular cancer. Typically, a cancer of the rectum begins with a benign polyp. This polyp is a precursor of adenoma Cancer. Adenomas are very common, after 65 years of age; one in three has an adenoma of the rectum. Sometimes, over time, small adenomas grow. Their cells change and become cancerous. Then they multiply uncontrollably and eventually form a malignant tumor. There are different types of adenoma. Of one hundred adenomas less than one centimeter, ten adenomas swell to a size greater than one centimeter and three will turn into cancer in ten or twenty years. All adenomas do not evolve systematically in cancer. Where adenoma becomes malignant, there is often no visible sign. When the doctor diagnosed cancer of the rectum, he needs to know the stage. The prognosis and choice of treatment depend on this. Indeed, the stage of evolution shows whether the cancer has spread and, if so, how and in what parts of the body. There are four stages of development cancer of the rectum. These stages are determined by staging and in case of surgery, by histological examination of collected tissues. Article Source: http://www.cancer-surgery.com/ About Author / Additional Info: I am not a cancer doctor. Always consult your doctor before taking any action or conclusion regarding your medical condition. Comments on this article: (0 comments so far)
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