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Epidemiology of Childhood CancerBY: Ritu Choudhary | Category: Childhood Cancer | Submitted: 2010-06-26 01:24:23
Cancers in children under 15 account for 1% of all cancers. From 3 years this is the second leading cause of death after accidents among children's. Children are mainly affected by cancer like Leukemia and lymphoma, Brain tumors, Soft tissue tumors, and Retinoblastoma. It seems that 40% of cancers develop before 4 years and are generally in this embryonic age. The pattern of childhood cancer when compared in term of sex of patients is in the tune of M / F is 1.2 / 1. Cancer is the essential expression of the gene mutant called retinoblastoma. In 40% of cases, this tumor is usually hereditary and bilateral, revealing itself in the first year. 60% of all retinoblastoma cases are hereditary and are not unilateral. The discovery of a unilateral retinoblastoma requires the other eye to monitor and to review other siblings. Think about that before the onset of a squint or a reflection shining through the pupil. It may be a systemic disorder with developmental abnormalities and multiple cancers. Cancer and other malformations like congenital Aniridia. The incidence of this anomaly is 1.8 per 100,000 births and 1.1% among patients with nephroblastoma. The existence of an aniridia requires a systematic search of nephroblastoma in the first five years of life by means of IVU and / or renal ultrasound every year. Role of physical agents like Ionizing radiations (Prenatal) increases the risk of the risk of leukemia. It also increases the risk of thyroid cancer among children. Role of chemical agents like diethylstilbestrol, regardless of the timing of fetal exposure and dose received, 50% of girls exposed in uterus have a risk of vaginal cancer. Diphenyl hydration is responsible for benign or malignant lymphoid-proliferate disorders. Patients treated with immune-suppressants are also most susceptible to childhood cancer. Clinical examination of tumors depends on their size and their location. Palpation is possible in the peripheral tumors (Member, neck) or to even small deep tumors already large (abdomen, pelvis). Pain is a symptom found in bone tumors or those compressing the nerve roots, or proliferating in the skull. Children often do not discuss pains to parents rather they neglect and continue to be actively involved in their day to day activity like games, smile, talking etc in order to combat such problems. The soft tissue tumors are not painful. Before each case, doctors choose between the best performing tests and avoid unnecessary tests or dangerous. Radiological tests like Chest x-ray etc are always the first line of diagnosis of cancer. Ultrasound is now an essential examination which shall be prescribed if there is a doubt regarding exact location of the tumor and its relationship with other organs. Intravenous urography is essential for all abdominal tumors. These days it is supplemented by CT Scans and angiography. CT scan is essential to most tumors. However, there is no more effective than ultrasound for abdominal tumor. Isotopic Examinations like bone scan can assess the volume of affected bone and detect metastasis. Current techniques used to quantify radioactivity and thus assess the scalability treatment. This examination often replaces radiographs of the skeleton. Routine Laboratory tests like blood count, blood electrolytes etc are also prevalent in detection of cancer. The sedimentation rate has little value except for Hodgkin's disease or neuroblastoma. Other tests are very useful to search for a specific tumor secretion for the diagnosis and follow developments. Review of Pathology like cytology is a simple test of grabbing a ganglion, a mass, bone marrow. Histology is obtained from a simple biopsy or excision of the tumor. In children the same therapeutic methods are used as that of adults but with different combinations. Chemotherapy is a great option of cancer treatment in children. Article Source: http://www.cancer-surgery.com/ About Author / Additional Info: I am not a cancer doctor. Always consult your doctor before taking any action or conclusion regarding your medical condition. Comments on this article: (0 comments so far)
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