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Childhood Leukemia is One Dangerous DiseaseBY: Ritu Choudhary | Category: Other | Submitted: 2010-07-28 17:17:02
The acute leukemia is defined as the abnormal proliferation in the bone marrow, a cell clone abnormality from lymphocytic or myeloid lineages; and locked at a specific distinction. In Europe and the United States, they represent about 35% of childhood cancers. 80% of them are acute lymphoblastic leukemia and 15-20% of them are of acute myelogenous leukemia. As for chronic myeloid leukemia, they represent each year in the United States a hundred cases in children less than 4% of all leukemia's diagnosed. Current treatments offer hope for a cure about 70% of lymphoblastic leukemia, whereas this figure falls to around 40% for myelogenous leukemia. This will immediately highlight the variety prognosis of this type of affection and the importance of progress in recent years in understanding the cell leukemia. They make it possible progressively to better adapt clinical and therapeutic approach to each type of proliferation and hope to see gradually improving the prognosis of the most serious. RISK FACTORS Many factors seem to increase the risk of childhood leukemia. Among these may be applied: Increased frequency of acute leukemia in certain genetic abnormalities (trisomy 21, Fanconi anemia), thus suggesting a constitutional factor: In children with trisomy 21, the risk to develop an M7 is more important in the first 3 years life, so that beyond is the risk of lymphoblastic leukemia seems higher. Increased risk during the first year of life, in the monozygotic twin of an affected child, suggesting the intervention of an event prior intrauterine (or, perhaps, the possibility of ante-natal infection through the placental circulation) You know the other long the risk induced by some chemical carcinogens or ionizing radiation However, we must keep in mind that in more than 90% of cases, we do not yet know the immediate cause leukemia in children. CLASSIFICATION OF LEUKEMIA MORPHOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION and Cytochemistry For twenty years, the classification of leukemia involves the FAB (French-American-British) that distinguishes Among the acute leukemias Lymphoblastic three subtypes: L1 (60-80% of cases): small cell nucleus regular at small and inconspicuous nucleoli, finely dispersed chromatin in the homogeneous, with a high nucleo-cytoplasmic. L2 (15-30% of cases): large cell heterogeneous irregular nuclei, notched at the larger nucleolus, the chromatin or in clumps, with a nucleo-cytoplasmic lower. L3 (1-5% of cases): very large homogeneous basophilic cell, containing numerous vacuoles in regular kernel, the large nucleolus, with a nucleo-cytoplasmic medium. Acute myelogenous leukemia among 7 sub-types: 1. undifferentiated 2. myeloblastic without differentiation 3. myeloblastic with differentiation 4. promyelocytic 5. variant: promyelocytic 6. myelomonocytic 7. eosinophilia: eosinophilic myelomonocytic 8. erythroleukemia 9. megakaryoblastic IMMUNOLOGIC CLASSIFICATION This is based on the recognition by the leukemic cells of antibodies against specific antigens. It is thus possible to classify the LAL in: The immunological study has less interest in AML. It especially allows to better identify the forms of morphologically classified M0 (undifferentiated). In a few cases, the leukemic cells express both lymphoid and myeloid markers: it is called bi-phenotypic leukemia (depending on the series and the criteria used, approximately 6% of ALL and 17% of AML). The exact meaning of this double marking is still unknown, as well as its prognostic significance. GENETIC CLASSIFICATION The study of the karyotype of leukemic cells detected clonal abnormalities in 80-90% of cases. Two types of anomalies can be highlighted: Abnormalities of number (also appreciated by the index of DNA) to classify ALL into groups prognosis: Forms hyperdiploid ( more than 50 chromosomes or DNA index less than 1.16) are rather associated with pre-pre-B phenotype and a better prognosis Forms hypodiploid (less than or equal to 45 chromosomes) are rare (less than 8% of cases) and a much more pejorative prognosis Forms with ploidy between 47 and 50 chromosomes appear to have a worse prognosis, and the shapes hyperploid. Article Source: http://www.cancer-surgery.com/ About Author / Additional Info: I am not a cancer doctor. Always consult your doctor before taking any action or conclusion regarding your medical condition. Comments on this article: (0 comments so far)
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