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Cervical Cancer Mortality Can Be Reduced by VaccinesBY: Ritu Choudhary | Category: Cervical Cancer | Submitted: 2010-06-26 01:34:31
Cancer of the cervix is the second leading cause of female mortality from cancer. It causes 500,000 deaths 230,000 new cases each year worldwide. Cancer of the cervix is the development of a malignant tumor within its tissues. It is a cancer involving a sexually transmitted virus: HPV (Human Papilloma Virus) of a particular type. In 2005, researchers have shown efficacy of vaccine in animals for the treatment of cancers of the cervix. This vaccine, called Gardasil manufactured by manipulating DNA, that prevents the formation of cancer of the cervix uteri in women by blocking two viruses sexually transmitted papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) and type 18. HPVs 16 and 18 are responsible for 70% of this type of cancer. The study, conducted in 13 countries including the United States, focused on around 12,167 women aged 16-26 years. Half of women received three doses of Gardasil, the other half a placebo. After 17 months of the trial, no women vaccinated showed any cancer or precancerous lesions, while 21 women in the placebo group were affected. This therapeutic vaccine consists of fragment of protein oncogene E7 of HPV16 mice caused complete regression of tumors in 100% and after a single injection. Similar results were obtained by the same team using the E7 oncoprotein 18. In early 2006, BT Pharma, a start-up of Institute Pasteur, plans to begin a clinical trial, involving E7 HPV16 and HPV18 for treating neoplastic lesions progressing to cancer of the cervix. After the United States and Canada, Europe ventured on a major campaign of vaccination against cervical cancer of the uterus. Millions of young women have been vaccinated with the hope of better health. Gardasil and Cervarix are vaccines stars of the pharmaceutical industry. Everyone talks about immunization against cancer of the cervix. Indeed, human papillomavirus (HPV) virus that is more than a hundred strains, which preferentially transmitted through sex, is never in itself sufficient cause to generate the cervical cancer uterus. Even for the dozen strains called "high risk" which include 16 and 18 strains of HPV included in both vaccines. Indeed, in 90% of HPV infections, the virus eliminates naturally within 8-13 months without having generated any inconvenience. In the remaining 10%, the virus may persist longer and be associated with the occurrence of precancerous lesions called cervical dysplasia which there are different grades. However, only 3% of dysplasia leads to cancer. These lesions may disappear naturally and they can be treated very effectively. Laser conization is not comparable to heavy conventional treatments such as cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The interest of local treatments for lesions detected in time recalls the importance of regular Pap smear screening for young women when they become sexually active. It is this lack of organized screening which explains why 80% of global cases of cervical cancer occur in developing countries. While in US, this detection rate is less than 60%, it has a very substantial reduction in mortality from this type of cancer that accounts for only 2% of total female cancer mortality. The manufacturer of Cervarix claims to fight against 80% of cases of cervical cancer through a cross protection from other strains not contained in the vaccine. The manufacturer of Gardasil claims that the vaccine would prevent 70% of cases and may also protect as genital warts. Frequency of HPV serotypes varies greatly from one region to another world. According to a recent study published in JAMA, HPV 16 and 18 were involved in 2.3% of all HPV infections in an industrialized country. Statistical report and epidemiological estimate say that vaccination of the entire teen population would, in 2060, a 10% reduction in mortality from cervical cancer, 100 women per year. Assuming that the vaccine is effective, nobody can say what the actual duration of protection by vaccination is. Article Source: http://www.cancer-surgery.com/ About Author / Additional Info: I am not a cancer doctor. Always consult your doctor before taking any action or conclusion regarding your medical condition. Comments on this article: (0 comments so far)
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